摘要 :
Experimental nuclear structure data for the known A=164 isobaric nuclides (Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir) have been evaluated, and presented together with Adopted properties of level energies, and a...
展开
Experimental nuclear structure data for the known A=164 isobaric nuclides (Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir) have been evaluated, and presented together with Adopted properties of level energies, and associated. rays. The decay data for these nuclides have also been evaluated, providing Adopted values of. and beta radiations, and log ft values.No excited states are known in Eu-164, Tb-164, and Ir-164. Information for Gd-164, Re-164 and Os-164 is limited due to insufficient experimental data. For radioactive nuclides, decay schemes of Sm-164, Gd-164 and Re-164 are not known, and those of W-164, Tb-164, Lu-164, Hf-164, Ta-164 and W-164 are incomplete. The decay schemes of Ho-164 and the two activities of Tm-164 seem fairly complete. The decay scheme of Yb-164 presents a major problem that the Q(epsilon) value of 887 keV 29 recommended in 2017Wa10 is in disagreement with the population of levels at 928, 952 and 1060 keV in the daughter nucleus. This decay scheme, which so far has been mainly reported in a secondary reference (1982AdZZ) needs further investigation. Also the masses of Yb-164 and Tm-164 need either new measurements or a re-evaluation to resolve discrepancy of about 220 keV in the Q value of Yb-164 decay to Tm-164.The reactions and decays for which no new experimental information has become available since the 2001 update have undergone revisions to incorporate conversion coefficients from BrIcc code, and evaluated Q values from 2017Wa10, but the essential content of such datasets may have remained the same as in previous evaluations. In this respect the present work greatly benefited from all the previous NDS evaluations (2001Si27,1992Sh07, 1986Sh03,1974Bu30), but at the same time data presented herein supersede all the previous published evaluations.
收起
摘要 :
Experimental nuclear structure data from various reactions and decays have been evaluated for all known nuclides of mass 39 (Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl,Ar,K,Ca,Sc,Ti). Detailed evaluated nuclear structure information is presented for each re...
展开
Experimental nuclear structure data from various reactions and decays have been evaluated for all known nuclides of mass 39 (Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl,Ar,K,Ca,Sc,Ti). Detailed evaluated nuclear structure information is presented for each reaction and decay and the best values combining all available data are recommended for level energies,half-lives,gamma-ray energies and intensities,decay properties (energies,intensities and placement of radiations),and other spectroscopic data. The K-39,Ca-39 and Ar-39 are the most extensively studied nuclides; no excited states are known in Mg-39 and Ti-39. This work supersedes the earlier full evaluation of A=39 by B. Singh and J. Cameron (2006Si02).
收起
摘要 :
The experimental nuclear structure and decay data are evaluated for all the known nuclides of mass 50 (Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). Detailed evaluated nuclear structure information are presented in individual dec...
展开
The experimental nuclear structure and decay data are evaluated for all the known nuclides of mass 50 (Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). Detailed evaluated nuclear structure information are presented in individual decay and reaction datasets and the best values are recommended in the Adopted dataset for level properties, gamma and /beta radiations, and other spectroscopic information. No excited states are known in Cl-50 and Ni-50, and limited information is available for Ar-50, K-50, Fe-50 and Co-50. This work supersedes earlier evaluations of A=50 by, 2011E101, 1995Bu09. 1990Bu18, 1984A125, and 1976Au07.
收起
摘要 :
Experimental nuclear structure data for the known A=73 isobaric nuclides (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb and Sr) have been evaluated, and presented together with Adopted properties of level energies, and associ...
展开
Experimental nuclear structure data for the known A=73 isobaric nuclides (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb and Sr) have been evaluated, and presented together with Adopted properties of level energies, and associated gamma rays. The decay data for these nuclides have also been evaluated, providing Adopted values of gamma and beta radiations, and log ft values. For Mn-73, only the isotopic identification has been established, with no knowledge of its g.s. half-life. For Fe-73, Co-73 and Sr-73, only the ground states and their half-lives are known with no information about the excited states. For Ni-73, Cu-73, Zn-73 and Rb-73, little data are available for excited states. The half-life and decay modes of possibly proton-unbound Rb-73 need firmly established. Ga-73 structure presents a special challenge in that the 1/2(-) ground state and the first 3/2(-) state have recently been proposed, in a Coulomb excitation experiment by 2010Di14, to form an almost degenerate doublet with an estimated spacing of <0.3 keV, which is a third example in the entire nuclear chart where first excited nuclear state can lie lower than 1 keV, the other being Th-229 with its first excited state at 7.8 eV, and U-235 with its first excited state at 76 eV. Ultra-high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopic studies are warranted to search for the low-lying (<0.3 keV) first excited state in Ga-73, and to determine its half-life. Level structures of Ga-73, Ge-73, As-73, Se-73, Br-73 and Kr-73 are quite well known, although decay schemes of radioactive ground states of Co-73, Cu-73 and Br-73 are considered incomplete.The reactions and decays for which no new experimental information has become available since the 2003 update have undergone revisions to incorporate conversion coefficients from BrIcc code, and evaluated Q values from 2017Wa10, but essential content of such datasets may have remained the same as in previous evaluations. In this respect the present work greatly benefited from all the previous NDS evaluations (2004Si08,1993Ki25,1987Ki13, 1980Ek01,1974Al33), but at the same time data presented herein supersede all the previous published evaluations.
收起
摘要 :
Spinels with the formula of AB(2)O(4) (where A and B are metal ions) and the properties of magnetism, optics, electricity, and catalysis have taken significant roles in applications of data storage, biotechnology,, electronics, la...
展开
Spinels with the formula of AB(2)O(4) (where A and B are metal ions) and the properties of magnetism, optics, electricity, and catalysis have taken significant roles in applications of data storage, biotechnology,, electronics, laser, sensor, conversion reaction, and energy storage/conversion, which largely depend on their precise structures and compositions. In this review, various spinels with controlled preparations and their applications in oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) and beyond are summarized. First, the composition and structure of spinels are introduced. Then, recent advances in the preparation of spinels with solid-, solution-, and vapor-phase methods are summarized, and new methods are particularly highlighted. The physicochemical characteristics of spinels such as their compositions, structures, morphologies, defects, and substrates have been rationally regulated through various approaches. This regulation can yield spinels with improved ORR/OER catalytic activities, which can further accelerate the speed, prolong the life, and narrow the polarization of fuel cells, metal air batteries, and water splitting devices. Finally, the magnetic, optical, electrical, and catalytic applications beyond the OER/ORR are also discussed. The future applications of spinels are considered to be closely related to environmental and energy issues, which will be aided by the development of new species with precise preparations and advanced characterizations.,
收起
摘要 :
Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conven...
展开
Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze continued...challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative
收起
摘要 :
Piezoelectric materials with excellent electromechanical performance are widely used as core components in high-power applications such as ultrasonic transducers, piezoelectric transformers, ceramic filters and sonar systems. A co...
展开
Piezoelectric materials with excellent electromechanical performance are widely used as core components in high-power applications such as ultrasonic transducers, piezoelectric transformers, ceramic filters and sonar systems. A comprehensive review of the fundamental, progress, and perspective of the various types of piezoelectric materials with high-electromechanical performance based on high mechanical quality factor Q(m) is presented herein, and in particular, the regulation and optimization of electromechanical performance are systematically introduced and summarized. Based on the investigation and summary, two main key issues faced for high-power applications are elaborated: one is the mutually restrictive relationship between Q(m) and other parameters (d(33) , k(p) and epsilon), and the other one is the temperature stability of electromechanical parameters. Next, the factors and internal mechanisms that affect Q(m) regulation and optimization are discussed in detail, and the effective strategies for improving Q(m) and weakening the mutually restrictive relationship are proposed to obtain high-electromechanical performance. Subsequently, some discussions and perspectives are put forward in detail as suggestions for the development and design of high-Q(m) piezoelectric materials with excellent comprehensive performance. It is hoped that this review would be helpful for researchers and engineers to understand the origins of high-Qm and related mechanisms, and to design new high-electromechanical performance piezoelectric materials meeting high-power applications.
收起
摘要 :
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by lipid accumulation in arteries, leading to narrowing and thrombosis. It affects the heart, brain, and peripheral vessels and is the leading cause of mortality in the Unit...
展开
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by lipid accumulation in arteries, leading to narrowing and thrombosis. It affects the heart, brain, and peripheral vessels and is the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Researchers have strived to design nanomaterials of various functions, ranging from noninvasive imaging contrast agents, targeted therapeutic delivery systems to multifunctional nanoagents able to target, diagnose, and treat atherosclerosis. Therefore, this review aims to summarize recent progress (2017 now) in the development of nanomaterials and their applications to improve atherosclerosis diagnosis and therapy during the preclinical and clinical stages of the disease.
收起
摘要 :
Textiles have been concomitant of human civilization for thousands of years. With the advances in chemistry and materials, integrating textiles with energy harvesters will provide a sustainable, environmentally friendly, pervasive...
展开
Textiles have been concomitant of human civilization for thousands of years. With the advances in chemistry and materials, integrating textiles with energy harvesters will provide a sustainable, environmentally friendly, pervasive, and wearable energy solution for distributed on-body electronics in the era of Internet of Things. This article comprehensively and thoughtfully reviews research activities regarding the utilization of smart textiles for harvesting energy from renewable energy sources on the human body and its surroundings. Specifically, we start with a brief introduction to contextualize the significance of smart textiles in light of the emerging energy crisis, environmental pollution, and public health. Next, we systematically review smart textiles according to their abilities to harvest biomechanical energy, body heat energy, biochemical energy, solar energy as well as hybrid forms of energy. Finally, we provide a critical analysis of smart textiles and insights into remaining challenges and future directions. With worldwide efforts, innovations in chemistry and materials elaborated in this review will push forward the frontiers of smart textiles, which will soon revolutionize our lives in the era of Internet of Things.
收起
摘要 :
Negative thermal expansion (NTE) is a counterintuitive physical phenomenon that the unit cell volume of material usually contracts instead of expands upon heating. With two decades' development, NTE has been discovered in many kin...
展开
Negative thermal expansion (NTE) is a counterintuitive physical phenomenon that the unit cell volume of material usually contracts instead of expands upon heating. With two decades' development, NTE has been discovered in many kinds of compounds, in which framework structure materials account for the major part. The flexible bridging linkage units and relatively large void in the crystal structure of framework structure materials facilitate the transverse vibration of atoms, resulting the intriguing NTE. A growing number of framework structure NTE materials have been discovered from the earliest studied oxides, cyanides, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and then to fluorides. In this paper, framework NTE materials are reviewed thoroughly in terms of chemical formulas and crystal structures, which involve oxides, fluorides, cyanides, and MOFs. The thermal expansion property of framework structure materials is closely associated with the structure character that a larger framework with more flexible bridge groups encourages a stronger NTE. Since the metal atom size impacts the volume of framework structure, the magnitude of NTE is also sensitive to the metal atom size in a specific crystal structure classification. Accordingly, control methods of thermal expansion aiming at framework structures are summarized, including chemical substitution, local structure distortion, and guest molecular or ions intercalation. As for the control of thermal expansion, chemical substitution is the most widespread method. The recently proposed method of guest molecular or ions intercalation is most effective for the thermal expansion control in large framework structures such as cyanides and MOFs. The local structure distortion shows a significant effect in fluorides, which can be extended to other systems. At last, problems and future developments of framework structure NTE materials are discussed from the aspects of discovery and design of new NTE materials, NTE mechanism, thermal expansion control, and application of NTE materials. Some strategies and ideas are proposed for the development of framework structure NTE materials. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
收起
原文获取